英语中反义疑问句

英语中反义疑问句
英语中反义疑问句

英语中反义疑问句
反义疑问句常用来征求对方的看法.其结构为：+,-.或 -,+.（即前面的称述句为肯定形式,后面的疑问句用否定形式；或者相反.)
这两部分句子中的主语同指一人或事物,在时态、人称、数上应保持一致.另外,在英语中,无论问题是怎样问的,只要答语的事实是肯定句,就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的,就要用NO.
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I或am't I 或 am I not（但不可以用am not I）
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语.
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 barely, scarcely, never, no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义.
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never bloom, do they?
He seldom goes to the cinema, does he?
*但若是具有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词(或者是fail,miss等词)时（不把它视为否定词）,疑问部分仍用否定形式
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?
Your sister dislikes ice-cream, doesn’t she?
The patient is hopeless, isn’t he?
You missed the early bus this morning, didn’t you?
You failed (in) the math exam, didn’t you?
4) 陈述部分主语是不定代词（或指示代词）everybody, nobody, somebody, everyone, no one ,someone等时,反义疑问句中的代词用they/he,(口语多用they）若是everything, something, anything, that, nothing, this等时,疑问部分只能用it.（陈述部分的主语是each of...结构时,附加疑问句在强调整体时用they,当作个别时用he.）
No one was hurt in the accident, were they/was he? 没有人在这次事故中受伤,是不是?
Everyone knows the answer, don't they/doesn’t he?
Nobody knows about it, do they/does he?
Everything seems all right, doesn't it?
Everything is ready, isn't it?
*含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构.例如：
You got nothing from him, did you/didn’t you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?
*陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he).
*One can’t be careful enough, can one / can he/can you?
5) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语.
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he? / shouldn't he?
6) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）.
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
7) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语.
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
The old man used to be a farmer, usedn’t he / didn’t he?
8) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
9) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语.
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?
10) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语.
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语.
What colors, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定.
Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定.
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
He studies hard and he is often praised by his teachers, isn’t he?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句.(注意主句人称的区别)
I don't think he is bright, is he?（They don't think he is bright, do they?）
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
14) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语.
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语.
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
You needn’t do it, need you/must you?
You needn’t have told him the news, need you
15)祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you (won’t you,有些还有would you；甚至有can you; can’t you; why don’t you; could you;).——用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意；但是在否定的祈使句后, 只能用will you
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
Be quiet, would you/can’t you?
Give me some cigarettes, can’t you?
Don’t forget, will you?
*Let us do it as we please \ like to, will you? \ can you?
*Let’s us do it right now, shall we? \ can we?
*Come here, will you \ won’t you \ can you \ can’t you \ do you \ don’t you?
*Don’t say anything, will you \ can you \ do you?
*Tom, you clean the window, will you?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we/ shan't we
Let us(=allow us) 开头的祈使句,后用will you
*Let的宾语是me时,可用will you或may I；Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
Let me use your phone, will you/may I?
*16) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定.
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句.
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
We must be more polite in this occasion, needn’t we?------表示“必须”,必要性
He must be a brave man, isn’t he?----------------他肯定是个勇敢的人,不是吗?
It must have rained last night, didn’t it?----------昨晚肯定下过雨了,没下吗?
He mush have known the answer, hasn’t he?----他肯定已经知道答案了,还没知道吗?
①表示“义务,必须”→must
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?----mustn’t表示“禁止”
②表示“有必要”→mustn’t/needn’t
You must go home right now, mustn’t you/needn’t you?
③表示“一定,想必”等推测意义→must或根据语境用其他动词或助动词
He must be very tired, mustn’t he/isn’t he?
He must have waited here for a long time, hasn’t he?
You must have seen the play last week, didn’t you?
*He can’t have done such a foolish thing, has he?他不可能做过这么愚蠢的事,做过了吗?
So he has known the secret, hasn’t he?
17.All we needed has been bought, hasn’t it? ----all指物：单
All we invited have arrived, haven’t they?----all指人：复
18）have作谓语
①表示“拥有”
You had no time for reading, did you ? \ had you?
He has a brother, hasn’t he, \ doesn’t he?
Oh, you have the same type of cell phone as I, do you?
*注意“否定形式”的时候：问句中动词由陈述句中的动词形式而定.例如：
He hasn’t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he?
②不表示“有”
We have to go without him, don’t we ?
You have your dinner at school, don’t you?
He has a rest every two hours, doesn’t he?
You often have headaches, don’t you?

句型解释
1．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否 2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯 They work hard, don’t they?
编辑本段主语
一般词语
附加疑问句中主语 用和主语一致的主语，用主格。
不定代词
当陈述部分的主语是 ( 1 )用one 时，后面的疑问句可用one/he...

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句型解释
1．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否 2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯 They work hard, don’t they?
编辑本段主语
一般词语
附加疑问句中主语 用和主语一致的主语，用主格。
不定代词
当陈述部分的主语是 ( 1 )用one 时，后面的疑问句可用one/he. (2)everything,anything,nothing,something时， 附加疑问句中主语用it 不用 they （3）this,that,或those,these时，附加疑问句中主语用it和they. （4）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody等，附加疑问句中主语一般用he/they. (5)不定式，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it。 （6）在there be句型中，附加疑问句中主语一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there。
编辑本段特殊句型
否定意义的词
否定意义的词 （1）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式： There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? （2）当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词，当做肯定句处理，疑问部分要用否定形式。如： He looks unhappy,doesn't he?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？ The girl dislikes history,doesn't she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？有less,fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。如： There will be less pollution, won't there?
表示主语主观意愿的词
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。 (1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you? 值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如： I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he? Wedon't imagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此类句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为"Yes, they have."；若尚未到达，使用"No, they haven't."。 (2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关...）。例如： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she? You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they? She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she? (3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
had better或have
陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时，疑问句应用hadn’t等开头： You’d better get up early, hadn’t you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头 如have表示“有”的时候，有两种形式： -He has two sisters,doesn't he? -He doesn't have any sisters,does he?
祈使句
当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达 当开头是Let‘s时，一定要用shall we。其余都用will you（包括 Let us）不论肯定否定 Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go out for a walk, will you? Let me help you,may I? Turn on the radio, will you?
There be句型
There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there There are some apples in the basket, aren't there? There isn't any milk left, is there?
must
.当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况： （1）mustn't表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must. You mustn't stop your car here,must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ （2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用needn't. They must finish the work today,needn't they? 他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？ （3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at English,isn't he? 他英语一定学得很好，是吗？ （4）当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didn't she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说，是吗？ You must have told her about it,haven't you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？
编辑本段回答
反意疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是 ，回答翻译相反，回答要按事实。如： They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？ Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对， 他们工作不努力
肯定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问句为肯定式时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，需特别引起注意： "It isn’t cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧？”“不，很便宜。” "He doesn’t love her, does he?" "No, he doesn’t."“他不爱她，是吗？”“是的，他不爱她。” 此时，"Yes"即不，对前面"It isn't cheap."的否定。
否定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式时，其回答一般不会造成困难，一般只需照情况回答即可： "It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的，对吗？”“对，是新的。” "He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去，对吗？”“不，他不想去。” 此时，"Yes"即是，对前面"It's new."的肯定。
回答反意疑问句的原则
回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am. “It is a beautiful flower，isn't it？” “It isn't a beautiful flower，is it？” 上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes，it is."否定为“No，it isn't." 由上述例子可知，反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联，只需注意事实，肯定即用yes，否定用no，无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。
编辑本段重点归纳
快速记忆表 陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
no,nothing,nobody,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词 肯定含义
ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句 be +主语
指示代词或不定代词 everything,that, nothing,this 主语用it
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句 主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you？
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式

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反义疑问句常用来征求对方的看法。其结构为：+，-。或 -，+.（即前面的称述句为肯定形式，后面的疑问句用否定形式；或者相反。)
这两部分句子中的主语同指一人或事物，在时态、人称、数上应保持一致。另外，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO....

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反义疑问句常用来征求对方的看法。其结构为：+，-。或 -，+.（即前面的称述句为肯定形式，后面的疑问句用否定形式；或者相反。)
这两部分句子中的主语同指一人或事物，在时态、人称、数上应保持一致。另外，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO.

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